Key Inclusion Criteria:

1. The patient had a histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of non-squamous Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that was Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive as assessed by the Ventana Immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. The test was performed at Novartis designated central laboratories.
2. The patient had a newly diagnosed stage IIIB (who was not a candidate for definitive multimodality therapy) or stage IV NSCLC or relapsed locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC not previously treated with any systemic anti-cancer therapy (e.g. cytotoxic drugs, monoclonal antibody therapy, crizotinib or other ALK inhibitors, or other targeted therapies, either experimental or not), with the exception of neo-adjuvant or adjuvant therapy.
3. The patient had at least one measurable lesion as defined by RECIST 1.1.

Key Exclusion Criteria:

1. The patient had known hypersensitivity to any of the excipients of LDK378 (microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, crospovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, and magnesium stearate).
2. The patient had a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to platinum-containing drugs, pemetrexed, or any known excipients of these drugs.
3. The patient had symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases and was neurologically unstable or had required increasing doses of steroids within the 2 weeks prior to screening to manage CNS symptoms.